With a population of 4.8 million, the Mongolians live in the North China's inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.

in the 13th century, Kublai khan succeeded in conquering the Southern Song Dynasty and unifying China under the Yuan Dynasty, thus setting up the first Chinese dynasty under the rule of a minority nationality.

The Mongolians have quite a developed culture. They believe in Lamaism and have their own oral and written language. Their scholars have written a great number of classic books on history, literature, language, medicine, and weaponry. In addition, inner Mongolia is called the "homeland of songs and dances".

The Mongolians are mainly engaged in animal husbandry and grow some crops at the same time. Because of their nomadic life style, they used to live in yurts.

The biggest annual holiday for Mongolians is the Nadam Fair. The fair features such events as wrestling, horse-racing, archery contest and tug-of-war. It is usually held in April or May, or in autumn. Another feature of the fair is the large-scale of cotton, cloth, silk, tea, and other traditional goods and foods.